Over time, and thanks to a poorly conceived U.N. While they distrusted one another, they made common cause against Hadi and the Saudis. The two had been enemies: The Houthis and Saleh fought six wars against one another between 20. When Saudi Arabia intervened in 2015, the Houthis ruled the highlands in partnership with former Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh. In 2019, the Houthis named an ambassador to Iran, and the following year Iran reciprocated, installing Hassan Irloo, a member of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), as its ambassador in Sanaa. Iran smuggles missile components to the Houthis, provides them with trainers, and supports them economically. But the war has only driven the Houthis and Iran closer together. In 2015, Saudi Arabia decided it had to intervene militarily to prevent the Houthis from becoming a Hezbollah-like group - backed and armed by Iran - on its southern border. In the northern highlands, where much of Yemen’s population lived prior to the war, the Houthis hold sway. Instead of one or two Yemens, there are now multiple Yemens, tiny statelets and zones of control held by an expanding number of armed groups, all of which have different goals and trajectories. Nor will the country revert to a pre-1990 north-south division. Indeed, after six years of war, thousands of missiles and bombs, hundreds of thousands of deaths, and the world’s worst humanitarian crisis, Yemen has fractured to the point that it is unlikely ever to be reconstituted as a single state.
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